Ubuchwepheshe Bokuthola Ubumsulwa Bezinsimbi Ezihlanzekile Kakhulu

Okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kobuchwepheshe bamuva, ukunemba, izindleko, kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza:

I. Ubuchwepheshe Bokuthola Obusha

1. ‌Ubuchwepheshe Bokuxhumanisa be-ICP-MS/MS‌

• ‌IsimisoIsebenzisa i-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) ukuqeda ukuphazamiseka kwe-matrix, kuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa kwangaphambili okulungiselelwe (isb., ukugaya i-asidi noma ukuncibilika kwe-microwave), okuvumela ukutholakala kokungcola kwensimbi kanye ne-metalloid ezingeni le-ppb
• ‌UkunembaUmkhawulo wokutholwa uphansi njenge0.1 ppb‌, ifanele izinsimbi ezimsulwa kakhulu (ubumsulwa obungu-≥99.999%)‌
• ‌IzindlekoIzindleko eziphezulu zemishini (~285,000–285,000–714,000 USD‌), kanye nezidingo zokulungisa nokusebenza ezidingayo

1. ‌I-ICP-OES enesisombululo esiphezulu‌

• ‌Isimiso‌: Ibala ukungcola ngokuhlaziya ama-spectra okukhishwa kwezakhi ezithile akhiqizwa yi-plasma excitation‌.
• ‌UkunembaIthola ukungcola kwezinga le-ppm ngobubanzi obuqondile (ama-oda angu-5-6 ubukhulu), yize ukuphazamiseka kwe-matrix kungenzeka.
• ‌IzindlekoIzindleko zemishini eziphakathi nendawo (~143,000–143,000–286,000 USD‌), ilungele izinsimbi ezihlanzekile kakhulu ezivamile (ubumsulwa obungu-99.9%–99.99%) ekuhlolweni kweqoqo‌.

1. ‌I-Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GD-MS)‌

• ‌IsimisoI-ionization ngqo yezindawo eziqinile zesampula ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa kwesisombululo, okuvumela ukuhlaziywa kobuningi be-isotope.
• ‌UkunembaImikhawulo yokuthola ifinyelela ku-izinga le-ppt‌, eyenzelwe izinsimbi ezihlanzekile kakhulu zezinga le-semiconductor (ubumsulwa obungu-≥99.9999%)‌.
• ‌Izindleko‌: Okuphezulu kakhulu (‌> $714,000 USD‌), kukhawulelwe kuma-laboratory athuthukile‌.

1. ‌I-In-Situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)‌

• ‌IsimisoIhlaziya izimo zamakhemikhali angaphezulu ukuze ithole izendlalelo ze-oxide noma izigaba zokungcola 78.
• ‌Ukunemba‌: Ukulungiswa kokujula kwe-nanoscale kodwa kukhawulelwe ekuhlaziyweni kobuso‌.
• ‌Izindleko‌: Okuphezulu (‌~$429,000 USD‌), ngokulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi‌.

II. Izixazululo Zokuthola Ezinconyiwe

Ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwensimbi, izinga lokuhlanzeka, kanye nesabelomali, kunconywa ukuhlanganiswa okulandelayo:

1. ‌Izinsimbi Ezihlanzekile Kakhulu (>99.999%)‌

• ‌UbuchwephesheI-ICP-MS/MS + GD-MS14
• ‌Izinzuzo‌: Imboza ukungcola okulandelekayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-isotope ngokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu.
• ‌IziceloIzinto ze-semiconductor, ama-sputtering target.

1. ‌Izinsimbi Ezijwayelekile Ezihlanzekile Kakhulu (99.9%–99.99%)‌

• ‌UbuchwephesheI-ICP-OES + I-Chemical Titration 24
• ‌Izinzuzokuqiza kahleisamba ~$214,000 USD‌), isekela ukutholwa okusheshayo kwezinto eziningi.
• ‌Izicelo‌: Ithini elihlanzekile kakhulu lezimboni, ithusi, njll.

1. ‌Izinsimbi Eziyigugu (Au, Ag, Pt)‌

• ‌UbuchwephesheUkuhlolwa Komlilo kwe-XRF + 68
• ‌IzinzuzoUkuhlolwa okungabhubhisi (i-XRF) kuhlanganiswe nokuqinisekiswa kwamakhemikhali okunembe kakhulu; izindleko eziphelele~71,000–71,000–143,000 USD‌
• ‌IziceloUbucwebe, i-bullion, noma izimo ezidinga ubuqotho besampula.

1. ‌Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Ezibucayi Ngezindleko‌

• ‌Ubuchwepheshe‌: I-Chemical Titration + Ukuqhuba/Ukuhlaziywa Kokushisa‌24
• ‌IzinzuzoIzindleko eziphelele< $29,000 USD‌, ifanele ama-SME noma ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi‌.
• ‌Izicelo‌: Ukuhlolwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa noma ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi endaweni.

‌III. Umhlahlandlela Wokuqhathanisa Nokukhetha Ubuchwepheshe‌

Isifinyezo

• ‌Ukubaluleka KokucophelelaI-ICP-MS/MS noma i-GD-MS yezinsimbi ezihlanzekile kakhulu, ezidinga isabelomali esikhulu.
• ‌Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko OkulinganiselayoI-ICP-OES ihlanganiswe nezindlela zamakhemikhali zezicelo zezimboni ezivamile.
• ‌Izidingo EzingonakalisiI-XRF + ukuhlolwa komlilo kwezinsimbi eziyigugu.
• ‌Izithiyo Zesabelomali‌: I-titration yamakhemikhali ehambisana nokuhlaziywa kwe-conductivity/thermal kwama-SME‌