Isibabule into engeyona insimbi enophawu lwekhemikhali S kanye nenombolo ye-athomu engu-16. Isibabule esihlanzekile siyikristalu ephuzi, eyaziwa nangokuthi isulfure noma isulfure ephuzi. I-Elemental sulphur ayincibiliki emanzini, iyancibilika kancane ku-ethanol, futhi incibilika kalula ku-carbon disulfideCS.2.
1.Izinto ezibonakalayo
- Isibabule ngokuvamile siyikristalu eliphuzi eliphaphathekile, alinaphunga futhi alinambitheki.
- I-Sulfur inama-allotropes amaningi, wonke akhiwe ngo-S8ama-molecule e-cyclic. Ezijwayeleke kakhulu yi-orthorhomb sulfur (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-rhombic sulfur, α-sulfur) kanye ne-monoclinic sulfur (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-β-sulfur).
- I-Orthorhombic sulphur iwuhlobo oluzinzile lwesibabule, futhi lapho ishiselwa cishe ku-100 °C, ingapholiswa ukuze ithole isibabule esisodwa. Izinga lokushisa lokushintsha phakathi kwesibabule se-orthorhombic nesibabule se-monoclinic lingu-95.6 °C.isibabule se-orhombic ukuphela kohlobo oluzinzile lwesulfure ekamelweni lokushisa. Ifomu layo elimsulwa liphuzi-luhlaza (isibabule esithengiswa emakethe sibonakala siphuzi kakhulu ngenxa yokuba khona kwamanani omkhondo we-cycloheptasulfur). I-Orthorhombic sulfure empeleni ayincibiliki emanzini, ine-conductivity ephansi yokushisa, iyisivikeli esihle sikagesi.
- I-Monoclinic sulfur inqwaba yamakristalu afana nenaliti asala ngemva kokuncibilikisa isibabule nokuthulula uketshezi oluningi. I-Monoclinic sulfur orthorhombic sulfur izinhlobonhlobo ze-elemental sulphur emazingeni okushisa ahlukene. I-Monoclinic sulphur izinzile kuphela ngaphezu kuka-95.6 ℃, futhi ezingeni lokushisa, kancane kancane ishintsha ibe sulphur ye-orthorhombic. Indawo encibilikayo ye-orthorhombic sulfur ingu-112.8℃, indawo yokuncibilika yesibabule se-monoclinic ingu-119℃. Zombili zincibilika kakhulu ku-CS2.
- Kukhona nesibabule esinwebekayo. I-Elastic sulphur iphuzi ngokumnyama, okuqinile okunwebekayo okungancibiliki kalula ku-carbon disulfide kunezinye i-allotropes sulfur. Ayincibiliki emanzini futhi iyancibilika kancane otshwaleni. Uma isibabule esincibilikisiwe sithelwa ngokushesha emanzini abandayo, isibabule seketango elide silungisiwe, isibabule esinwebekayo esinwebekayo. Kodwa-ke, izoqina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ibe yisulfure ye-monoclinic.
2.Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali
- Isibabule singavutha emoyeni, siphendule nomoya-mpilo ukuze senze i-sulphur dioxide (SO₂) igesi.
- Isibabule sihlangana nawo wonke ama-halogen lapho kushiswa. Ivutha ku-fluorine ukwenza i-sulphur hexafluoride. Isibabule esiwuketshezi esine-chlorine ukwenza i-dichloride ecasula kakhulu (S2Cl2). Ingxube ye-equilibrium equkethe i-red sulfur dichloride (SCl) ingakhiwa uma i-chlorine ingaphezu kwamandla kanye ne-catalyst, njenge-FeCl.3noma SnI4,iyasetshenziswa.
- Isibabule singasabela ngesisombululo se-potassium hydroxide (KOH) ukuze senze i-potassium sulfide ne-potassium thiosulfate.
- Isibabule asiphenduli ngamanzi kanye nama-asidi anga-oxidizing. Isibabule sihlangana ne-nitric acid eshisayo kanye ne-sulfuric acid egxilile futhi singafakwa e-oxid sibe yi-sulfuric acid kanye ne-sulfur dioxide.
3.Inkambu yohlelo lokusebenza
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwesibabule kusekukhiqizweni kwezinhlanganisela zesibabule ezifana ne-sulfuric acid, i-sulfite, i-thiosulfate, i-ocyanates, i-sulfur dioxide, i-carbon disulfide, i-disulfur dichloride, i-trichlorosulfonated phosphorus, i-phosphorus sulf, ne-metal sulfide. Ngaphezu kwama-80% okusetshenziswa kwesulfure minyaka yonke emhlabeni kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-sulfuric acid. Isibabule sibuye sisetshenziswe kakhulu ekukhiqizeni irabha eshisiwe. Uma irabha engahluziwe ivuzwa ibe yinjoloba eshibhile, ithola ukunwebeka okuphezulu, amandla aqinile okumelana nokushisa, kanye nokungancibiliki kuzinyibilikisi zemvelo. Imikhiqizo eminingi yenjoloba yenziwe ngenjoloba evuthisiwe, ekhiqizwa ngokuphendula irabha eluhlaza nama-accelerator emazingeni okushisa athile nezingcindezi. Isibabule siyadingeka futhi ekukhiqizeni impushana emnyama nomentshisi, futhi singenye yezinto ezingavuthiwe eziqhuma iziqhumane. Ukwengeza, isibabule singasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni odayi abane-sulfurized pigments. Isibonelo, ukubala ingxube ye-kaolin, ikhabhoni, isulfure, i-diatomaceous earth, noma impushana ye-quartz kungaveza umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuthiwa i-ultramarine. Imboni ye-bleach kanye nemboni yemithi nayo idla ingxenye yesibabule.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha
Isibabule singesinye sezithako emithini eminingi yezifo zesikhumba. Isibonelo, uwoyela we-tung ushiswa ngesibabule ukuze ube ne-sulfonate ne-sulfur acid bese uncishiswa ngamanzi ammonia ukuze uthole uwoyela we-tung we-sulfonated. Amafutha angu-10% enziwe ngawo anemiphumela eqeda ukuvuvukala kanye ne-deelling futhi angasetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene zesikhumba nokuvuvukala.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-09-2024