Funda nge-Bismuth

I-Bismuth iyinsimbi emhlophe ngokwesiliva kuya kopinki ethambile futhi kulula ukuyichoboza. Izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali zizinzile. I-Bismuth ikhona ngokwemvelo ngesimo sensimbi yamahhala namaminerali.
1. [Imvelo]
I-bismuth emsulwa iyinsimbi ethambile, kanti i-bismuth engcolile iyaphuka. Izinzile ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ama-ore ayo ayinhloko yi-bismuthinite (Bi2S5) kanye ne-bismuth ocher (Bi2o5). I-bismuth ewuketshezi iyakhula uma iqina.
Iyaphuka futhi ayinawo amandla kagesi nokushisa afanele. I-Bismuth selenide kanye ne-telluride zinezakhiwo ze-semiconductor.
Insimbi ye-Bismuth iyinsimbi ecwebezelayo emhlophe (opinki) kuya kophuzi okhanyayo, ephuka kalula futhi kulula ukuyichoboza; ekushiseni kwegumbi, i-bismuth ayisabelani nomoya-mpilo noma amanzi futhi izinzile emoyeni. Ine-conductivity ephansi kagesi kanye nokushisa; i-bismuth yayibhekwa njengesakhi esizinzile kakhulu esinesisindo esikhulu kakhulu se-athomu, kodwa ngo-2003, kwatholakala ukuthi i-bismuth inamandla okukhipha imisebe futhi ingabola ibe yi-thallium-205 ngokubola kwe-α. Impilo yayo yengxenye cishe iyiminyaka eyi-1.9X10^19, okuyizikhathi eziyizigidi eziyinkulungwane zokuphila kwendawo yonke.
2. Isicelo
i-semiconductor
Izingxenye ze-semiconductor ezenziwe ngokuhlanganisa i-bismuth emsulwa kakhulu ne-tellurium, i-selenium, i-antimony, njll. kanye namakristalu okudonsa asetshenziselwa ama-thermocouples, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-thermoelectric okushisa okuphansi kanye ne-thermorefriji. Zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ama-air conditioner namafriji. I-bismuth sulfide yokwenziwa ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ama-photoresistor kumadivayisi e-photoelectric ukwandisa ukuzwela esifundeni se-spectrum esibonakalayo.
Imboni Yenuzi
I-bismuth emsulwa kakhulu isetshenziswa njengesithwali sokushisa noma isibandisi eziphefumulweni zezimboni zenuzi kanye nezinto zokuvikela amadivayisi okuhlukana kwama-athomu.
Izitsha Zobumba Ze-elekthronikhi
Ama-ceramic e-elekthronikhi aqukethe i-bismuth njenge-bismuth germanate crystals uhlobo olusha lwamakristalu acwebezelayo asetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemishini yokuthola imisebe yenuzi, izikena ze-X-ray tomography, ama-electro-optics, ama-laser e-piezoelectric namanye amadivayisi; i-bismuth calcium vanadium (i-pomegranate ferrite iyinto ebalulekile ye-microwave gyromagnetic kanye nezinto zokumboza i-magnetic), i-bismuth oxide-doped zinc oxide varistors, ama-capacitor e-ceramic aqukethe i-bismuth-containing boundary layer high-frequency ceramic, ama-magnets ahlala njalo e-tin-bismuth, ama-ceramics e-titanate e-bismuth kanye nama-powder, amakristalu e-silicate e-bismuth, ingilazi e-fusible equkethe i-bismuth kanye nezinye izinto ezingaphezu kwe-10 nazo seziqalile ukusetshenziswa embonini.
Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha
Ama-compound e-Bismuth anemiphumela yokungezwani komzimba, ukulwa nohudo, kanye nokwelashwa kwe-dyspepsia yamathumbu. I-Bismuth subcarbonate, i-bismuth subnitrate, kanye ne-potassium bismuth subrubberate zisetshenziselwa ukwenza imithi yesisu. Umphumela wokungezwani komzimba wemithi ye-bismuth usetshenziswa ekuhlinzeni ukwelapha ukulimala nokuyeka ukopha. Ekwelashweni ngemisebe, kusetshenziswa ama-alloy asekelwe ku-bismuth esikhundleni se-aluminium ukwenza amapuleti okuvikela iziguli ukuvimbela ezinye izingxenye zomzimba ukuthi zingavezwa emisebeni. Ngokuthuthuka kwemithi ye-bismuth, kutholakale ukuthi eminye imithi ye-bismuth inemiphumela yokulwa nomdlavuza.
Izithasiselo ze-Metallurgical
Ukwengeza inani elincane le-bismuth ensimbini kungathuthukisa izakhiwo zokucubungula zensimbi, futhi ukwengeza inani elincane le-bismuth ensimbini ethambile ethambile kungenza ibe nezakhiwo ezifana nezensimbi engagqwali.