Ukuhlanzwa kwe-selenium emsulwa kakhulu (≥99.999%) kuhilela inhlanganisela yezindlela zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zokususa ukungcola okufana ne-Te, i-Pb, i-Fe, ne-As. Lokhu okulandelayo yizinqubo ezibalulekile kanye nemingcele:
1. Ukuhluzwa kwe-Vacuum
Ukugeleza Kwenqubo:
1. Faka i-selenium eluhlaza (≥99.9%) esitsheni esiqinile se-quartz ngaphakathi kwesithando sokuhlanza esingenamsoco.
2. Shisa ku-300-500°C ngaphansi kwe-vacuum (1-100 Pa) imizuzu engama-60-180.
3. Umhwamuko we-selenium uyaqina ku-condenser enezigaba ezimbili (isigaba esiphansi esinezinhlayiya ze-Pb/Cu, isigaba esiphezulu sokuqoqwa kwe-selenium).
4. Qoqa i-selenium kusuka ku-condenser ephezulu; i-碲(Te) kanye nokunye ukungcola okubilayo kakhulu kusasele esigabeni esiphansi.
Amapharamitha:
- Izinga lokushisa: 300-500°C
- Ingcindezi: 1-100 Pa
- Izinto ze-Condenser: I-Quartz noma insimbi engagqwali.
2. Ukuhlanzwa Kwamakhemikhali + Ukuhluzwa Kwe-Vacuum
Ukugeleza Kwenqubo:
1. Ukushiswa kwe-Oxidation: I-React selenium eluhlaza (99.9%) ne-O₂ ku-500°C ukuze kwakheke amagesi e-SeO₂ kanye ne-TeO₂.
2. Ukukhishwa Kwesinyibilikisi: Ncibilikisa i-SeO₂ esixazululweni samanzi e-ethanol, hlunga i-TeO₂ precipitate.
3. Ukunciphisa: Sebenzisa i-hydrazine (N₂H₄) ukuze unciphise i-SeO₂ ibe yi-elemental selenium.
4. I-De-Te Ejulile: Hlanganisa i-selenium futhi ibe yi-SeO₄²⁻, bese ukhipha i-Te usebenzisa i-solvent extraction.
5. I-Final Vacuum Distillation: Hlanza i-selenium ku-300-500°C kanye ne-1-100 Pa ukuze uthole ubumsulwa obungu-6N (99.9999%).
Amapharamitha:
- Izinga lokushisa le-oxidation: 500°C
- Umthamo we-Hydrazine: Okweqile ukuqinisekisa ukwehla okuphelele.
3. Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Electrolytic
Ukugeleza Kwenqubo:
1. Sebenzisa i-electrolyte (isb., i-selenous acid) enobuningi bamanje obungu-5-10 A/dm².
2. I-Selenium ifakwa ku-cathode, kuyilapho i-selenium oxides ishintshashintsha ku-anode.
Amapharamitha:
- Ubuningi bamanje: 5-10 A/dm²
- I-Electrolyte: Isixazululo se-selenous acid noma se-selenate.
4. Ukukhishwa Kwesinyibilikisi
Ukugeleza Kwenqubo:
1. Khipha i-Se⁴⁺ esixazululweni usebenzisa i-TBP (tributyl phosphate) noma i-TOA (trioctylamine) ku-hydrochloric noma i-sulfuric acid media.
2. Hluba bese ulungisa i-selenium, bese uyiphinda uyivuselele.
Amapharamitha:
- Isithako sokukhipha: TBP (HCl medium) noma i-TOA (H₂SO₄ medium)
- Inani lezigaba: 2-3.
5. Ukuncibilika Kwendawo
Ukugeleza Kwenqubo:
1. Qhibilikisa izingcezu zeselenium ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze ususe ukungcola okuncane.
2. Kufanelekela ukufeza ubumsulwa obungaphezulu kwe-5N kusuka ezintweni zokuqala ezihlanzekile kakhulu.
Qaphela: Idinga imishini ekhethekile futhi idla amandla amaningi.
Isiphakamiso Sesibalo
Ukuze uthole izinkomba ezibonakalayo, bheka lezi zibalo ezilandelayo ezivela ezincwadini:
- Ukusethwa kwe-Vacuum Distillation: Uhlelo lwesistimu ye-condenser enezigaba ezimbili.
- Umdwebo Wesigaba Se-Te: Ubonisa izinselele zokuhlukana ngenxa yamaphuzu okuvala aseduze.
Izinkomba
- Izindlela zokuhluza nge-vacuum kanye namakhemikhali:
- Ukukhishwa kwe-electrolytic kanye ne-solvent:
- Amasu athuthukisiwe nezinselele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-21-2025