Inqubo yokuhlanza nokuhlanza i-arsenic

Inqubo yokuhluza nokuhlanza i-arsenic iyindlela esebenzisa umehluko ekuguqukeni kwe-arsenic kanye nama-compound ayo ukuze ihlukanise futhi ihlanze, efanelekile kakhulu ekususeni isulfure, i-selenium, i-tellurium kanye nokunye ukungcola ku-arsenic.Nazi izinyathelo ezibalulekile kanye nezinto okufanele uzicabangele:

1.Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezinto ezingavuthiwe

• Imithombo ye-arsenic eluhlaza: ngokuvamile njengomkhiqizo ophuma ngemuva kokuncibilikisa amaminerali aqukethe i-arsenic (isb. i-arsenite, i-realgar) noma imfucuza equkethe i-arsenic ephinde yasetshenziswa.
• Ukosa nge-oxidative(ongakukhetha): Uma izinto ezingavuthiwe ziyi-arsenic sulfide (isib. i-As₂S₃), kudingeka zithosiwe kuqala ukuze ziguqulwe zibe yi-volatile As₂O₃

As2S3+9O2→As2O3+3SO2As2S3+9O2→As2​O3​+3SO2​

2.Iyunithi yokuhluza

• Imishini: I-Quartz noma i-ceramic still (emelana nokugqwala, emelana nokushisa okuphezulu), ifakwe ishubhu le-condenser kanye nebhodlela lokwamukela.
• Ukuvikelwa okungekuhle: I-nitrogen noma i-carbon dioxide ifakwa ukuvimbela i-arsenic oxidation noma ingozi yokuqhuma (umhwamuko we-arsenic uyavutha).

3.Inqubo yokucwilisa

• Ukulawula izinga lokushisa:
  • I-Arsenic sublimation: I-As₂O₃ sublimation ku-500-600 °C (i-pure arsenic sublimation cishe ku-615 °C).
  • Ukuhlukaniswa kokungcola: ukungcola okubilayo okufana nesibabule ne-selenium kuguqulwa kube okuguqukayo futhi kungahlukaniswa ngokujiya okuhlukanisiwe.
• Iqoqo lokuvunda: Umhwamuko we-arsenic ujiya ube yi-As₂O₃ ehlanzekile kakhulu noma i-arsenic eyisisekelo endaweni yokujiya (100-200°C).).

4.Ngemva kokucutshungulwa

• Ukunciphisa(uma kudingeka i-arsenic ye-elemental): Ukunciphisa i-As₂O₃ nge-carbon noma i-hydrogen

As2O3+3H2→2As+3H2OAs2O3+3H2→2As+3H2O

• Ukuhluzwa kwe-vacuum: ukuhlanzwa okwengeziwe kwe-arsenic ye-elemental ukuze kususwe ukungcola okusalile okuguquguqukayo.

5.Izinyathelo zokuzivikela

• Ukuvikelwa kobuthi: Yonke inqubo ivaliwe, ifakwe imishini yokuthola ukuvuza kwe-arsenic kanye nokwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
• Ukwelashwa ngegesi yomsila: Ngemva kokujiya, igesi yomsila idinga ukumuncwa yisisombululo se-lye (njenge-NaOH) noma ukumuncwa kwe-carbon esebenzayo ukuze kugwenywe i-As₂O₃ukukhishwa kwegesi.
• Isitoreji sensimbi ye-Arsenic: igcinwe endaweni engasebenzi kahle ukuvimbela ukubola noma ukubola.

6. UbumsulwaUkuthuthukiswa

• Ukuhluzwa kwezigaba eziningi: Ukuhluzwa okuphindaphindiwe kungathuthukisa ubumsulwa bube ngaphezu kuka-99.99%.
• Ukuncibilika kwendawo (ongakukhetha): Ukuhluzwa kwendawo ye-arsenic ye-elemental ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola kwensimbi.

Izinkambu zesicelo

I-arsenic ehlanzekile kakhulu isetshenziswa ezintweni ze-semiconductor (isib. i-GaAsamakristalu), izithasiselo ze-alloy, noma ekukhiqizweni kwezibuko ezikhethekile.Ama-rocess kudingeka alandele imithetho eqinile yezemvelo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza okuhambisanayo.