I-arsenic distillation kanye nenqubo yokuhlanza iyindlela esebenzisa umehluko ekuguquguqukeni kwe-arsenic kanye nezinhlanganisela zayo ukuze zihlukanise futhi zihlanze, ikakhulukazi ezifanele ukususa isulfure, i-selenium, i-tellurium nokunye ukungcola kwe-arsenic.Nazi izinyathelo ezibalulekile nokucatshangelwa:
1.Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwempahla eluhlaza
- Imithombo ye-arsenic engahluziwe: ngokuvamile njengomkhiqizo ophumayo wokuncibilika kwamaminerali aqukethe i-arsenic (isb. i-arsenite, i-realgar) noma imfucuza equkethe i-arsenic egaywe kabusha.
- Ukuwoswa kwe-oxidative(ongakukhetha): Uma impahla eluhlaza kuyi-arsenic sulfide (isb. As₂S₃), idinga ukugazingwa kuqala ukuze iguqulelwe ku-As₂O₃
As2S3+9O2→As2O3+3SO2As2S3+9O2→As2O3+3SO2
2.Iyunithi ye-distillation
- Izisetshenziswa: I-quartz noma i-ceramic emile (imelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu), ifakwe ishubhu le-condenser nebhodlela lokwamukela.
- Ukuvikelwa kwangaphakathi: I-nitrogen noma i-carbon dioxide yethulwa ukuvimbela i-arsenic oxidation noma ingozi yokuqhuma (umhwamuko we-arsenic uyavutha).
3.Inqubo ye-distillation
- Ukulawula izinga lokushisa:
- I-Arsenic sublimation: I-As₂O₃ i-sublimation ku-500-600 °C (i-arsenic ehlanzekile engaphansi cishe ku-615 °C).
- Ukuhlukaniswa kokungcola: ukungcola okubilayo okuphansi okufana nesulfure ne-selenium kwenziwa ngokukhethayo ukuthi kuguquke futhi kungahlukaniswa ngokufingqa okuhlukene.
- Iqoqo le-Condensation: Umhwamuko we-arsenic ujiya ube ubumsulwa obuphezulu njenge-As₂O₃ noma i-arsenic eyisisekelo endaweni yokujiya (100-200°C).
4.Ngemuva kokucubungula
- Ukuncishiswa(uma i-arsenic eyisisekelo idingeka): Ukunciphisa i-As₂O₃ nge-carbon noma i-hydrogen
As2O3+3H2→2As+3H2OAs2O3+3H2→2As+3H2O
- I-vacuum distillation: ukuhlanzwa okwengeziwe kwe-arsenic eyisisekelo ukuze kususwe ukungcola okusalelayo okuguquguqukayo.
5.Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
- Ukuvikelwa kobuthi: Yonke inqubo ivaliwe ukusebenza, ifakwe ukutholwa kokuvuza kwe-arsenic kanye nemishini yokwelapha izimo eziphuthumayo.
- Ukwelashwa kwegesi yomsila: Ngemva kokujiya, igesi yomsila idinga ukumuncwa isisombululo se-lye (njenge-NaOH) noma i-carbon adsorption ecushiwe ukuze kugwenywe i-As₂O₃ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
- Isitoreji sensimbi ye-Arsenic: igcinwe endaweni engasebenzi ukuze kuvinjelwe i-oxidation noma i-deliquescent.
6. UbumsulwaUkuthuthukisa
- I-distillation enezigaba eziningi: Ukukhishwa kwe-distillation okuphindaphindiwe kungathuthukisa ubumsulwa bube ngaphezu kwama-99.99%.
- Ukuncibilika kwendawo (ongakukhetha): Ukucwengwa kwendawo ye-arsenic eyisisekelo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokunciphisa ukungcola kwensimbi.
Izinkambu zesicelo
I-arsenic ene-high-purity isetshenziswa ezintweni ze-semiconductor (isbamakristalu), izithasiselo ze-alloy, noma ekwenzeni izibuko ezikhethekile. Pama-rocesses adinga ukuthobela imithetho eqinile yezemvelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-05-2025